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We use active nematohydrodynamics to study the flow of an active fluid in a3D microchannel, finding a transition between active turbulence and regimeswhere there is a net flow along the channel. We show that the net flow is onlypossible if the active nematic is flow aligning and that - in agreement withexperiments - the appearance of the net flow depends on the aspect ratio of thechannel cross-section. We explain our results in terms of the when hydrodynamicscreening due to the channel walls allows the emergence of vortex rolls acrossthe channel.

Flow states and transitions of an active nematic in a three dimensional channel