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We report on the single atom and single site-resolved detection of the totaldensity in a cold atom realization of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model. Fluorescenceimaging of doublons is achieved by splitting each lattice site into a doublewell, thereby separating atom pairs. Full density readout yields a directmeasurement of the equation of state, including direct thermometry via thefluctuation-dissipation theorem. Site-resolved density correlations reveal thePauli hole at low filling, and strong doublon-hole correlations near halffilling. These are shown to account for the difference between local andnon-local density fluctuations in the Mott insulator. Our technique enables thestudy of atom-resolved charge transport in the Fermi-Hubbard model, thesite-resolved observation of molecules, and the creation of bilayerFermi-Hubbard systems.

Doublon-hole correlations and fluctuation thermometry in a Fermi-Hubbard gas