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Edge-Localized-Mode (ELM) suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) generally occurs over very narrow ranges of the plasma current (ormagnetic safety factor q95) in the DIII-D tokamak. However, wide q95 ranges ofELM suppression are needed for the safety and operational flexibility of ITERand future reactors. In DIII-D ITER Similar Shape (ISS) plasmas with n=3 RMPs,the range of q95 for ELM suppression is found to increase with decreasingelectron density. Nonlinear two-fluid MHD simulations reproduce the observedq95 windows of ELM suppression and the dependence on plasma density, based onthe conditions for resonant field penetration at the top of the pedestal. Whenthe RMP amplitude is close to the threshold for resonant field penetration,only narrow isolated magnetic islands form near the top of the pedestal,leading to narrow q95 windows of ELM suppression. However, as the threshold forfield penetration decreases with decreasing density, resonant field penetrationcan take place over a wider range of q95. For sufficiently low density(penetration threshold) multiple magnetic islands form near the top of thepedestal giving rise to continuous q95 windows of ELM suppression. The modelpredicts that wide q95 windows of ELM suppression can be achieved atsubstantially higher pedestal pressure in DIII-D by shifting to higher toroidalmode number (n=4) RMPs.

Wide operational windows of edge-localized mode suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations in the DIII-D tokamak