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One of the characteristic features of many marine dinoflagellates is theirbioluminescence, which lights up nighttime breaking waves or seawater sliced bya ship's prow. While the internal biochemistry of light production by thesemicroorganisms is well established, the manner by which fluid shear ormechanical forces trigger bioluminescence is still poorly understood. We reportcontrolled measurements of the relation between mechanical stress and lightproduction at the single-cell level, using high-speed imaging ofmicropipette-held cells of the marine dinoflagellate $Pyrocystis~lunula$subjected to localized fluid flows or direct indentation. We find aviscoelastic response in which light intensity depends on both the amplitudeand rate of deformation, consistent with the action of stretch-activated ionchannels. A phenomenological model captures the experimental observations.

Stress-Induced Dinoflagellate Bioluminescence at the Single Cell Level