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We sandwich a colloidal gel between two parallel plates and induce a radialflow by lifting the upper plate at a constant velocity. Two distinct scenariosresult from such a tensile test: ($i$) stable flows during which the gelundergoes a tensile deformation without yielding, and ($ii$) unstable flowscharacterized by the radial growth of air fingers into the gel. We show thatthe unstable regime occurs beyond a critical energy input, independent of thegel's macroscopic yield stress. This implies a local fluidization of the gel atthe tip of the growing fingers and results in the most unstable wavelength ofthe patterns exhibiting the characteristic scalings of the classical viscousfingering instability. Our work provides a quantitative criterion for the onsetof fingering in colloidal gels based on a local shear-induced yielding, inagreement with the delayed failure framework.

Criterion for fingering instabilities in colloidal gels