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With the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary system ofneutron stars, GW170817, a new window was opened to study the properties ofmatter at and above nuclear-saturation density. Reaching densities a few timesthat of nuclear matter and temperatures up to $100\,\rm{MeV}$, such mergersalso represent potential sites for a phase transition (PT) from confinedhadronic matter to deconfined quark matter. While the lack of a postmergersignal in GW170817 has prevented us from assessing experimentally thisscenario, two theoretical studies have explored the postmergergravitational-wave signatures of PTs in mergers of binary systems of neutronstars. We here extend and complete the picture by presenting a novel signatureof the occurrence of a PT. More specifically, using fully general-relativistichydrodynamic simulations and employing a suitably constructed equation of statethat includes a PT, we present the occurrence of a "delayed PT", i.e. a PT thatdevelops only some time after the merger and produces a metastable object witha quark-matter core, i.e. a hypermassive hybrid star. Because in this scenario,the postmerger signal exhibits two distinct fundamental gravitational-wavefrequencies -- before and after the PT -- the associated signature promises tobe the strongest and cleanest among those considered so far, and one of thebest signatures of the production of quark matter in the present Universe.

Postmerger Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Phase Transitions in Binary Mergers