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We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries(TSSAs) in the production of positively-charged hadrons in polarized$p^{\uparrow}+p$, $p^{\uparrow}+$Al and $p^{\uparrow}+$Au collisions at$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. The measurements have been performed at forwardrapidity ($1.4<\eta<2.4$) over the range of $1.8<p_{T}<7.0$ GeV$/c$ and$0.1<x_{F}<0.2$. We observed a positive asymmetry $A_{N}$ forpositively-charged hadrons in \polpp collisions, and a significantly reducedasymmetry in $p^{\uparrow}$+$A$ collisions. These results reveal a nucleardependence of charged hadron $A_N$ in a regime where perturbative techniquesare relevant. These results provide new opportunities to use \polpA collisionsas a tool to investigate the rich phenomena behind TSSAs in hadronic collisionsand to use TSSA as a new handle in studying small-system collisions.

physical review letters

Nuclear dependence of the transverse single-spin asymmetry in the  production of charged hadrons at forward rapidity in polarized $p+p$, $p+$Al,  and $p+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV