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In the electronic nematic state, an electronic system has a lower symmetrythan the crystal structure of the same system. Electronic nematic states havebeen observed in various unconventional superconductors such as cuprate- andiron-based, heavy-fermion, and topological superconductors. The relationbetween nematicity and superconductivity is a major unsolved problem incondensed matter physics. By angle-resolved specific heat measurements, wereport bulk quasi-particle evidence of nematicity in the topologicalsuperconductor Sr$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$. The specific heat exhibited a clear 2-foldsymmetry despite the 6-fold symmetric lattice. Most importantly, the 2-foldsymmetry appeared in the normal state above the superconducting transitiontemperature. This is explained by the angle-dependent Zeeman effect due to theanisotropic density of states in the nematic phase. Such results highlight theinterrelation between nematicity and unconventional superconductivity.

Quasi-particle evidence for the nematic state above $T_{\rm{c}}$ in Sr$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$