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Laser-induced electron tunneling underlies numerous emerging spectroscopictechniques to probe attosecond electron dynamics in atoms and molecules. Theimprovement of those techniques requires an accurate knowledge of the exitmomentum for the tunneling wave packet. Here we demonstrate a photoelectroninterferometric scheme to probe the electron momentum longitudinal to thetunnel direction at the tunnel exit by measuring the photoelectron holographicpattern in an orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulse. In this scheme, weuse a perturbative 400-nm laser field to modulate the photoelectron holographicfringes generated by a strong 800-nm pulse. The fringe shift offers a directexperimental access to the intermediate canonical momentum of the rescatteringelectron, allowing us to reconstruct the momentum offset at the tunnel exitwith high accuracy. Our result unambiguously proves the existence of nonzeroinitial longitudinal momentum at the tunnel exit and provides fundamentalinsights into the non-quasi-static nature of the strong-field tunneling.

Photoelectron holographic interferometry to probe the longitudinal momentum offset at the tunnel exit