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We propose and demonstrate a Terahertz (THz) oscilloscope for recording timeinformation of an ultrashort electron beam. By injecting a laser-driven THzpulse with circular polarization into a dielectric tube, the electron beam isswept helically such that the time information is uniformly encoded into theangular distribution that allows one to characterize both the temporal profileand timing jitter of an electron beam. The dynamic range of the measurement insuch a configuration is significantly increased compared to deflection with alinearly polarized THz pulse. With this THz oscilloscope, nearly 50-foldlongitudinal compression of a relativistic electron beam to about 15 fs (rms)is directly visualized with its arrival time determined with 3 fs accuracy.This technique bridges the gap between streaking of photoelectrons with opticallasers and deflection of relativistic electron beams with radio-frequencydeflectors, and should have wide applications in many ultrashort electron beambased facilities.

Terahertz oscilloscope for recording time information of ultrashort electron beams