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Merging binaries of neutron stars are not only strong sources ofgravitational waves, but also have the potential of revealing states of matterat densities and temperatures not accessible in laboratories. A crucial andlong-standing question in this context is whether quarks are deconfined as aresult of the dramatic increase in density and temperature following themerger. We present the first fully general-relativistic simulations of mergingneutron stars including quarks at finite temperatures that can be switched offconsistently in the equation of state. Within our approach, we can determineclearly what signatures a quark-hadron phase transition would leave in thegravitational-wave signal. In particular, we show that if the conditions aremet for a phase transition to take place at several times nuclear saturationdensity, they would lead to a post-merger signal considerably different fromthe one expected from the inspiral, that can only probe the hadronic part ofthe equations of state, and to an anticipated collapse of the merged object. Wealso show that the phase transition leads to a very hot and dense quark corethat, when it collapses to a black hole, produces a ringdown signal differentfrom the hadronic one. Finally, in analogy with what is done in heavy-ioncollisions, we use the evolution of the temperature and density in the mergerremnant to illustrate the properties of the phase transition in a QCD phasediagram.

Signatures of quark-hadron phase transitions in general-relativistic neutron-star mergers