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We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativisticproton bunch in plasma with densities of $2.1\times10^{14}$ and\unit[$7.7\times10^{14}$]{electrons/cm$^3$}. We show that these wakefieldsperiodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the developmentof the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increasesboth along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved andtime-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. Weevaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed theirseed value (\unit[$<$15]{MV/m}) and reach over \unit[300]{MV/m}. All theseresults confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, anecessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration ofelectrons to multi-GeV energy levels.

Experimental observation of plasma wakefield growth driven by the seeded self-modulation of a proton bunch