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Temporally-modulated electron beams have a wide array of applications rangingfrom the generation of coherently-enhanced electromagnetic radiation to theresonant excitation of electromagnetic wakefields in advanced-acceleratorconcepts. Likewise producing low-energy ultrashort microbunches could be usefulfor ultra-fast electron diffraction and new accelerator-based light-sourceconcepts. In this Letter we propose and experimentally demonstrate a passivemicrobunching technique capable of forming a picosecond bunch train at $\sim6$~MeV. The method relies on the excitation of electromagnetic wakefields asthe beam propagates through a dielectric-lined waveguide. Owing to thenon-ultrarelativistic nature of the beam, the induced energy modulationeventually converts into a density modulation as the beam travels in afollowing free-space drift. The modulated beam is further accelerated to$\sim20$~MeV while preserving the imparted density modulation.

Passive Ballistic Microbunching of Non-Ultrarelativistic Electron Bunches using Electromagnetic Wakefields in Dielectric-Lined Waveguides