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High magnetic fields induce a pronounced in-plane electronic anisotropy inthe tetragonal antiferromagnetic metal CeRhIn$_{5}$ at $H^{*} \gtrsim 30$ T forfields $\simeq 20^{\mathrm{o}}$ off the $c$-axis. Here we investigate theresponse of the underlying crystal lattice in magnetic fields to $45$ T viahigh-resolution dilatometry. Within the antiferromagnetic phase ofCeRhIn$_{5}$, a finite magnetic field component in the tetragonal $ab$-planeexplicitly breaks the tetragonal ($C_{4}$) symmetry of the lattice well below$H^{*}$ revealing a finite nematic susceptibility at low fields. A modestmagnetostriction anomaly, $dL/L = -1.8 \times 10^{-6}$, at $H^{*} = 31$ T hencepresumably marks the crossover to a fluctuating nematic phase with largeelectronic nematic susceptibility. Magnetostriction quantum oscillationsconfirm a Fermi surface change at $H^*$ with the emergence of new orbits. Byanalyzing the field-induced change in the crystal-field ground state, weconclude that the in-plane Ce $4f$ hybridization is enhanced at $H^*$, carryingthe in-plane $f$-electron anisotropy to the Fermi surface. We argue that thenematic behavior observed in this prototypical heavy-fermion material is ofelectronic origin, and is driven by the hybridization between $4f$ andconduction electrons.

Enhanced hybridization sets the stage for electronic nematicity in CeRhIn5