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Optically induced breaking of symmetries plays an important role in nonlinearphotonics, with applications ranging from optical switching in integratedphotonic circuits to soliton generation in ring lasers. In this work we studyfor the first time the interplay of two types of spontaneous symmetry breakingthat can occur simultaneously in optical ring resonators. Specifically weinvestigate a ring resonator (e.g. a fiber loop resonator or whispering gallerymicroresonator) that is synchronously pumped with short pulses of light. Inthis system we numerically study the interplay and transition between regimesof temporal symmetry breaking (in which pulses in the resonator either runahead or behind the seed pulses) and polarization symmetry breaking (in whichthe resonator spontaneously generates elliptically polarized light out oflinearly polarized seed pulses). We find ranges of pump parameters for whicheach symmetry breaking can be independently observed, but also a regime inwhich a dynamical interplay takes place. Besides the fundamentally interestingphysics of the interplay of different types of symmetry breaking, our workcontributes to a better understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of optical ringcavities which are of interest for future applications including all-opticallogic gates, synchronously pumped optical frequency comb generation, andresonator-based sensor technologies.

Interplay of Polarization and Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Synchronously Pumped Ring Resonators