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Entangled photon sources with simultaneously near-unity heralding efficiencyand indistinguishability are the fundamental elements for scalable photonicquantum technologies. We design and realize a degenerate entangled-photonsource from an ultrafast pulsed laser pumped spontaneous parametricdown-conversion (SPDC), which show simultaneously ~97% heralding efficiency and~96% indistinguishability between independent single photons. Such ahigh-efficiency and frequency-uncorrelated SPDC source allows generation of thefirst 12-photon genuine entanglement with a state fidelity of 0.572(24). Wefurther demonstrate a blueprint of scalable scattershot boson sampling using 12SPDC sources and a 12*12-modes interferometer for three-, four-, and five-bosonsampling, which yields count rates more than four orders of magnitudes higherthan all previous SPDC experiments. Our work immediately enableshigh-efficiency implementations of multiplexing, scattershot boson sampling,and heralded creation of remotely entangled photons, opening up a promisingpathway to scalable photonic quantum technologies.

12-photon entanglement and scalable scattershot boson sampling with optimal entangled-photon pairs from parametric down-conversion