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Carrier doping of quantum spin liquids is a long-proposed route to theemergence of high-temperature superconductivity. Electrochemical intercalationin kagome hydroxyl-halide materials shows that samples remain insulating acrossa wide range of electron counts. Here we demonstrate through first-principlesdensity functional calculations corrected for self-interaction the mechanism bywhich electrons remain localized in various Zn-Cu hydroxyl-halides,independently of the chemical identity of the dopant - the formation ofpolaronic states with attendant lattice displacements and a dramatic narrowingof bandwidth upon electron addition. The same theoretical method applied toelectron doping in cuprate Nd2CuO4 correctly produces a metallic state when theinitially formed polaron dissolves into an extended state. Our general findingsexplain the insulating behavior in a wide range of doped quantum magnets anddemonstrate that new quantum spin liquid host materials are needed to realizemetallicity borne of a spin liquid.

Electron doping of proposed quantum spin liquid kagom\'e Zn-Cu hydroxyl-halides produces localized states in the band gap