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We have systematically investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics ofcrystallization that occurs in the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 uponirradiation with an intense THz pulse. THz pump and optical probe spectroscopyrevealed that Zener tunneling induces a nonlinear increase in the conductivityof the crystalline phase. This result indicates that the large electric fieldassociated with the THz pulses causes a nonlinear increase only at the edge ofthe crystallized area. The electric field concentrating in this area causes atemperature increase via Joule heating, which in turn leads to nanometer scalecrystal growth parallel to the field and the formation of filamentaryconductive domains across the sample.

Zener Tunneling Breakdown in Phase-Change Materials Revealed by Intense Terahertz Pulses