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This Letter presents a normalized differential cross-section measurement in afiducial phase-space region where interference effects between top-quark pairproduction and associated production of a single top quark with a $W$ boson anda $b$-quark are significant. Events with exactly two leptons ($ee$, $\mu\mu$,or $e\mu$) and two $b$-tagged jets that satisfy a multi-particle invariant massrequirement are selected from $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision datataken at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 and 2016.The results are compared with predictions from simulations using variousstrategies for the interference. The standard prescriptions for interferencemodeling are significantly different from each other but are within $2\sigma$of the data. State-of-the-art predictions that naturally incorporateinterference effects provide the best description of the data in the measuredregion of phase space most sensitive to these effects. These results provide animportant constraint on interference models and will guide future modeldevelopment and tuning.

physical review letters

Probing the quantum interference between singly and doubly resonant  top-quark production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS  detector