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In nature microbial populations are subject to fluctuating nutrient levels.Nutrient fluctuations are important for evolutionary and ecological dynamics inmicrobial communities since they impact growth rates, population sizes andbiofilm formation. Here we use automated continuous-culture devices andhigh-throughput imaging to show that when populations of Escherichia coli aresubjected to cycles of nutrient excess (feasts) and scarcity (famine) theirabundance dynamics during famines depend on the frequency and amplitude offeasts. We show that frequency and amplitude dependent dynamics in planktonicpopulations arise from nutrient and history dependent rates of aggregation anddispersal. A phenomenological model recapitulates our experimentalobservations. Our results show that the statistical properties of environmentalfluctuations have substantial impacts on spatial structure in bacterialpopulations driving large changes in abundance dynamics.

Frequency and amplitude dependent population dynamics during cycles of feast and famine