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We elucidate the nature of the electron-phonon interaction in the archetypalhybrid perovskite CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ using ab initio many-body calculationsand an exactly solvable model. We demonstrate that electrons and holes near theband edges primarily interact with three distinct groups oflongitudinal-optical vibrations, in order of importance: the stretching of thePb-I bond, the bending of the Pb-I-Pb bonds, and the libration of the organiccations. These polar phonons induce ultrafast intraband carrier relaxation overtimescales of 6-30 fs and yield polaron effective masses 28% heavier than thebare band masses. These findings allow us to rationalize previous experimentalobservations and provide a key to understanding carrier dynamics in halideperovskites.

Carrier Lifetimes and Polaronic Mass Enhancement in the Hybrid Halide Perovskite CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ from Multiphonon Fr\"ohlich Coupling