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We experimentally study the motion of light-activated colloidal microswimmersin a viscoelastic fluid. We find that, in such a non-Newtonian environment, theactive colloids undergo an unexpected transition from enhanced angulardiffusion to persistent rotational motion above a critical propulsion speed,despite their spherical shape and stiffness. We observe that, in contrast tochiral asymmetric microswimmers, the resulting circular orbits canspontaneously reverse their sense of rotation and exhibit an angular velocityand a radius of curvature that non-linearly depend on the propulsion speed. Bymeans of a minimal non-Markovian Langevin model for active Brownian motion, weshow that these non-equilibrium effects emerge from the delayed response of thefluid with respect to the self-propulsion of the particle without counterpartin Newtonian fluids.

Memory-induced transition from a persistent random walk to circular motion for achiral microswimmers