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By correlating time- and angle-resolved photoemission and time-resolvedtransverse- magneto- optical Kerr effect measurements, both at extremeultraviolet wavelengths, we uncover the universal nature of the ultrafastphotoinduced magnetic phase transition in Ni. This allows us to explain theultrafast magnetic response of Ni at all laser fluences - from a smallreduction of the magnetization at low laser fluences, to complete quenching athigh laser fluences. Both probe methods exhibit the same demagnetization andrecovery timescales. We further show that the ultrafast demagnetization in Niis indeed a magnetic phase transition that is launched within 20 fs, followedby demagnetization of the material within ~200 fs, and subsequent recovery ofthe magnetization on timescales ranging from 500 fs to >70 ps. We also provideevidence of two competing channels with two distinct timescales in the recoveryprocess, that suggest the presence of coexisting phases in the material.

physical review letters

Revealing the nature of the ultrafast magnetic phase transition in Ni by  correlating extreme ultraviolet magneto-optic and photoemission  spectroscopies