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The pseudorapidity distributions of dijets as a function of their averagetransverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}^\text{ave}$) are measured in proton-lead(pPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions. The data samples were collected by theCMS experiment at the CERN LHC, at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of5.02 TeV. A significant modification of the pPb spectra with respect to the ppspectra is observed in all $p_\mathrm{T}^\text{ave}$ intervals investigated.The ratios of the pPb and pp distributions are compared to next-to-leadingorder perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations with unbound nucleon andnuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). These results give the firstevidence that the gluon PDF at large Bjorken $x$ in lead ions is stronglysuppressed with respect to the PDF in unbound nucleons.

Constraining gluon distributions in nuclei using dijets in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 5.02 TeV