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In unicellular flagellates, growing evidence suggests control over a complexrepertoire of swimming gaits is conferred intracellularly by ultrastructuralcomponents, resulting in motion that depends on flagella number andconfiguration. We report the discovery of a novel, tripartite motility in anoctoflagellate alga, comprising a forward gait ($run$), a fast knee-jerkresponse with dramatic reversals in beat waveform ($shock$), and, remarkably,long quiescent periods ($stop$) within which the flagella quiver. In a reactiongraph representation, transition probabilities show that gait switching is onlyweakly reversible. Shocks occur spontaneously but are also triggered by directmechanical contact. In this primitive alga, the capability for a millisecondstop-start switch from rest to full speed implicates an early evolution ofexcitable signal transduction to and from peripheral appendages.

Run stop shock, run shock run: Spontaneous and stimulated gait-switching in a unicellular octoflagellate