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We present the strain and temperature dependence of an anomalous nematicphase in optimally doped BaFe$_2$(As,P)$_2$. Polarized ultrafast opticalmeasurements reveal broken 4-fold rotational symmetry in a temperature rangeabove $T_c$ in which bulk probes do not detect a phase transition. Usingultrafast microscopy, we find that the magnitude and sign of this nematicityvary on a ${50{-}100}~\mu$m length scale, and the temperature at which itonsets ranges from 40 K near a domain boundary to 60 K deep within a domain.Scanning Laue microdiffraction maps of local strain at room temperatureindicate that the nematic order appears most strongly in regions of weak,isotropic strain. These results indicate that nematic order arises in a genuinephase transition rather than by enhancement of local anisotropy by a strongnematic susceptibility. We interpret our results in the context of a proposedsurface nematic phase.

Imaging anomalous nematic order and strain in optimally doped BaFe$_2$(As,P)$_2$