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We derive a connection between the intrinsic tribological properties and theelectronic properties of a solid interface. In particular, we show that theadhesion and frictional forces are dictated by the electronic chargeredistribution occurring due to the relative displacements of the two surfacesin contact. We define a figure of merit to quantify such charge redistributionand show that simple functional relations hold for a wide series ofinteractions including metallic, covalent and physical bonds. This suggestsunconventional ways of measuring friction by recording the evolution of theinterfacial electronic charge during sliding. Finally, we explain that the keymechanism to reduce adhesive friction is to inhibit the charge flow at theinterface and provide examples of this mechanism in common lubricant additives.

Interfacial charge density and its connection to adhesion and frictional forces