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Mode sorting is an essential function for optical systems exploiting theorthogonality of photonic orbital angular momentum mode space. The familiarlog-polar optical transformation provides an efficient yet simple approach,however with its resolution restricted by a considerable overlap betweenadjacent modes resulting from the limited excursion of the phase along onecomplete circle around the optical vortex axis that is transformed into a linesegment with finite length. We propose and experimentally verify a new opticaltransformation that maps spirals instead of closed concentric circles toparallel lines. As the phase excursion along a spiral in the transverse planeof orbital angular momentum modes is theoretically unlimited, this new opticaltransformation separates vortex modes with superior resolution whilemaintaining unity efficiency.

Spiral Transformation for High-Resolution and Efficient Sorting of Optical Vortex Modes