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Quantum entanglement was termed "spooky action at a distance" in thewell-known paper by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. Entanglement is expected tobe distributed over longer and longer distances in both practical applicationsand fundamental research into the principles of nature. Here, we present aproposal for distributing entangled photon pairs between the Earth and Moonusing a Lagrangian point at a distance of 1.28 light seconds. One of the mostfascinating features in this long-distance distribution of entanglement is thatwe can perform Bell test with human supply the random measurement settings andrecord the results while still maintaining space-like intervals. To realize aproof-of-principle experiment, we develop an entangled photon source with 1 GHzgeneration rate, about 2 orders of magnitude higher than previous results.Violation of the Bell's inequality was observed under a total simulated loss of103 dB with measurement settings chosen by two experimenters. This demonstratesthe feasibility of such long-distance Bell test over extremely high-losschannels, paving the way for the ultimate test of the foundations of quantummechanics.

Bell Test Over Extremely High-Loss Channels: Towards Distributing Entangled Photon Pairs Between Earth and Moon