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We observe effects of collective atomic motion in a one-dimensional opticallattice coupled to an optomechanical system. In this hybrid atom-optomechanicalsystem, the lattice light generates a coupling between the lattice atoms aswell as between atoms and a micromechanical membrane oscillator. For large atomnumbers we observe an instability in the coupled system, resulting inlarge-amplitude atom-membrane oscillations. We show that this behavior can beexplained by light-mediated collective atomic motion in the lattice, whicharises for large atom number, small atom-light detuning and asymmetric pumpingof the lattice, in agreement with previous theoretical work. The model connectsthe optomechanical instability to a phase delay in the global atomicback-action onto the lattice light, which we observe in a direct measurement.

Light-Mediated Collective Atomic Motion in an Optical Lattice Coupled to a Membrane