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An experimentally constrained equation of state of neutron-rich matter isfundamental for the physics of nuclei and the astrophysics of neutron stars,mergers, core-collapse supernova explosions and the synthesis of heavyelements. To this end, we investigate the potential of constraining the densitydependence of the symmetry energy close to saturation density throughmeasurements of neutron-removal cross sections in high-energy nuclearcollisions of a few hundreds MeV/nucleon to GeV/nucleon. We show that thesensitivity of the total neutron-removal cross section is high enough so thatthe required accuracy can be reached experimentally with the recentdevelopments of new detection techniques. We quantify two crucial points tominimize the model dependence of the approach and to reach the requiredaccuracy: the contribution to the cross section from inelastic scattering hasto be measured separately in order to allow a direct comparison of experimentalcross sections to theoretical cross sections based on density functional theoryand eikonal theory. The accuracy of the reaction model should be investigatedand quantified by the energy and target dependence of various nucleon-removalcross sections. Our calculations explore the dependence of neutron-removalcross sections on the neutron skin of medium-heavy neutron-rich nuclei, and wedemonstrate that the slope parameter L of the symmetry energy could beconstrained down to +/-10 MeV by such a measurement with a 2% accuracy of themeasured and calculated cross sections.

Peeling off neutron skins from neutron-rich nuclei: Constraints on the symmetry energy from neutron-removal cross sections