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We identify and investigate thermal spin transport phenomena insputter-deposited Pt/NiFe$_2$O$_{\textrm{4-x}}$ ($4\geq x \geq 0$) bilayers. Weseparate the voltage generated by the spin Seebeck effect from the anomalousNernst effect contributions and even disentangle the intrinsic anomalous Nernsteffect (ANE) in the ferromagnet (FM) from the ANE produced by the Pt that isspin polarized due to its proximity to the FM. Further, we probe the dependenceof these effects on the electrical conductivity and the band gap energy of theFM film varying from nearly insulating NiFe$_2$O$_4$ to metallicNi$_{33}$Fe$_{67}$. A proximity-induced ANE could only be identified in themetallic Pt/Ni$_{33}$Fe$_{67}$ bilayer in contrast to Pt/NiFe$_2$O$_{\rm x}$($x>0$) samples. This is verified by the investigation of static magneticproximity effects via x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity.

Quantitative disentanglement of spin Seebeck, proximity-induced and intrinsic anomalous Nernst effect in NM/FM bilayers