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We have studied the temporal evolution of a quantum system subjected tostrong dissipation at ultra-low temperatures where the system-bath interactionrepresents the leading energy scale. In this regime, theory predicts the timeevolution of the system to follow a generalization of the classicalSmoluchowski description, the quantum Smoluchowski equation, thus, exhibitingquantum Brownian motion characteristics. For this purpose, we have investigatedthe phase dynamics of a superconducting tunnel junction in the presence of highdamping. We performed current-biased measurements on the small-capacitanceJosephson junction of a scanning tunneling microscope placed in a low impedanceenvironment at milli-Kelvin temperatures. We can describe our experimentalfindings by a quantum diffusion model with high accuracy in agreement withtheoretical predications based on the quantum Smoluchowski equation. In thisway we experimentally demonstrate that quantum systems subjected to strongdissipation follow quasi-classical dynamics with significant quantum effects asthe leading corrections.

Quantum Brownian motion at strong dissipation probed by superconducting tunnel junctions