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In systems having an anisotropic electronic structure, such as the layeredmaterials graphite, graphene and cuprates, impulsive light excitation cancoherently stimulate specific bosonic modes, with exotic consequences for theemergent electronic properties. Here we show that the population of E$_{2g}$phonons in the multiband superconductor MgB$_2$ can be selectively enhanced byfemtosecond laser pulses, leading to a transient control of the number ofcarriers in the {\sigma}-electronic subsystem. The nonequilibrium evolution ofthe material optical constants is followed in the spectral region sensitive toboth the a- and c-axis plasma frequencies and modeled theoretically, revealingthe details of the $\sigma$-$\pi$ interband scattering mechanism in MgB$_2$.

Real-time Observation of Phonon-Mediated $\sigma$-$\pi$ Interband Scattering in MgB2