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Many natural and engineering systems are simultaneously subjected to adriving force and a stabilizing force. The interplay between the two forces,especially for highly nonlinear systems such as fluid flow, often results insurprising features. Here we reveal such features in three different types ofRayleigh-B\'enard (RB) convection, i.e. buoyancy-driven flow with the fluiddensity being affected by a scalar field. In the three cases different {\itstabilizing forces} are considered, namely (i) horizontal confinement, (ii)rotation around a vertical axis, and (iii) a second stabilizing scalar field.Despite the very different nature of the stabilizing forces and thecorresponding equations of motion, at moderate strength we counterintuitivelybut consistently observe an {\it enhancement} in the flux, even though the flowmotion is weaker than the original RB flow. The flux enhancement occurs in anintermediate regime in which the stabilizing force is strong enough to alterthe flow structures in the bulk to a more organised morphology, yet not toostrong to severely suppress the flow motions. Near the optimal transportenhancements all three systems exhibit a transition from a state in which thethermal boundary layer (BL) is nested inside the momentum BL to the one withthe thermal BL being thicker than the momentum BL.

physical review letters

Confined Rayleigh-B\'enard, Rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard, and Double  Diffusive Convection: A unifying view on turbulent transport enhancement  through coherent structure manipulation