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We investigate the superconducting-gap anisotropy in one of the recentlydiscovered BiS$_2$-based superconductors, NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$ ($T_c$$\sim$ 5 K), using laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.Whereas the previously discovered high-$T_c$ superconductors such as copperoxides and iron-based superconductors, which are believed to haveunconventional superconducting mechanisms, have $3d$ electrons in theirconduction bands, the conduction band of BiS$_2$-based superconductors mainlyconsists of Bi 6$p$ electrons, and hence the conventional superconductingmechanism might be expected. Contrary to this expectation, we observe astrongly anisotropic superconducting gap. This result strongly suggests thatthe pairing mechanism for NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$ is unconventional oneand we attribute the observed anisotropy to competitive or cooperative multipleparing interactions.

Unconventional superconductivity in the BiS$_2$-based layered superconductor NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$