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Superradiance has been extensively studied in the 1970s and 1980s in theregime of superfluores-cence, where a large number of atoms are initiallyexcited. Cooperative scattering in the linear-optics regime, or "single-photonsuperradiance" , has been investigated much more recently, and superra-diantdecay has also been predicted, even for a spherical sample of large extent andlow density, where the distance between atoms is much larger than thewavelength. Here, we demonstrate this effect experimentally by directlymeasuring the decay rate of the off-axis fluorescence of a large and dilutecloud of cold rubidium atoms after the sudden switch-off of a low-intensitylaser driving the atomic transition. We show that, at large detuning, the decayrate increases with the on-resonance optical depth. In contrast to forwardscattering, the superradiant decay of off-axis fluorescence is suppressed nearresonance due to attenuation and multiple-scattering effects.

Superradiance in a Large and Dilute Cloud of Cold Atoms in the Linear-Optics Regime