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We present temperature-dependent atomic and magnetic pair distributionfunction (PDF) analysis of neutron total scattering measurements ofantiferromagnetic MnO, an archetypal strongly correlated transition-metaloxide. The known antiferromagnetic ground-state structure fits thelow-temperature data closely with refined parameters that agree withconventional techniques, confirming the reliability of the newly developedmagnetic PDF method. The measurements performed in the paramagnetic phasereveal significant short-range magnetic correlations on a $\sim$1~nm lengthscale that differ substantially from the low-temperature long-range spinarrangement. \textit{Ab initio} calculations using a self-interaction-correctedlocal spin density approximation of density functional theory predict magneticinteractions dominated by Anderson superexchange and reproduce the measuredshort-range magnetic correlations to a high degree of accuracy. Furthercalculations simulating an additional contribution from a direct exchangeinteraction show much worse agreement with the data. The Anderson superexchangemodel for MnO is thus verified by experiment and confirmed by \textit{abinitio} theory.

Verification of Anderson superexchange in MnO via magnetic pair distribution function analysis and \textit{ab initio} theory