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Modeling approaches of suspended, rod-like particles and recent experimentaldata have shown that depletion forces display different signatures depending onthe orientation of these particles. It has been shown that axial attraction oftwo rods yields contractile forces of 0.1pN that are independent of therelative axial shift of the two rods. Here, we measured depletion-causedinteractions of actin bundles extending the phase space of single pairs of rodsto a multi-particle system. In contrast to a filament pair, we found forces upto 3pN . Upon bundle relaxation forces decayed exponentially with a mean decaytime of 3.4s . These different dynamics are explained within the frame of amathematical model by taking pairwise interactions to a multi-filament scale.The macromolecular content employed for our experiments is well below thecrowding of cells. Thus, we propose that arising forces can contribute tobiological force generation without the need to convert chemical energy intomechanical work.

Motor-free actin bundle contractility driven by molecular crowding