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We present an experimental and theoretical study exploring surface effects onthe evolution of the metal-insulator transition in the model Mott-Hubbardcompound Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$. We find a microscopic domain formation that isclearly affected by the surface crystallographic orientation. Using scanningphotoelectron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, we find that surface defectsact as nucleation centers for the formation of domains at thetemperature-induced isostructural transition and favor the formation ofmicroscopic metallic regions. A density functional theory plus dynamical meanfield theory study of different surface terminations shows that the surfacereconstruction with excess vanadyl cations leads to doped, and hence moremetallic surface states, explaining our experimental observations.

Surface effects on the Mott-Hubbard transition in archetypal V$_2$O$_3$