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We demonstrate the control of quantum tunneling in an ultracold lattice gasby the measurement backaction imposed by an imaging process. A {\em in situ}imaging technique is used to acquire repeated images of an ultracold gasconfined in a shallow optical lattice. The backaction induced by these positionmeasurements modifies the coherent quantum tunneling of atoms within thelattice. By smoothly varying the rate at which spatial information is extractedfrom the atomic ensemble, we observe the continuous crossover from the 'weakmeasurement regime' where position measurements have little influence on thetunneling dynamics, to the 'strong measurement regime' wheremeasurement-induced localization causes a large suppression of tunneling. Thissuppression of coherent tunneling is a manifestation of the Quantum Zenoeffect. Our study realizes an experimental demonstration of the paradigmaticHeisenberg microscope in a lattice gas and sheds light on the implications ofquantum measurement on the coherent evolution of a mesoscopic quantum system.In addition, this demonstrates a powerful technique for the control of aninteracting many-body quantum system via spatially resolved measurementbackaction.

Quantum Control by Imaging : The Zeno effect in an ultracold lattice gas