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Coordinated motion of cell monolayers during epithelial wound healing andtissue morphogenesis involves mechanical stress generation. Here we propose amodel for the dynamics of epithelial expansion that couples mechanicaldeformations in the tissue to contractile activity and polarization in thecells. A new ingredient of our model is a feedback between local strain,polarization and contractility that naturally yields a mechanism forviscoelasticity and effective inertia in the cell monolayer. Using acombination of analytical and numerical techniques, we demonstrate that ourmodel quantitatively reproduces many experimental findings [Nat. Phys. 8, 628(2012)], including the build-up of intercellular stresses, and the existence oftraveling mechanical waves guiding the oscillatory monolayer expansion.

Propagating stress waves during epithelial expansion