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We demonstrate preparation and detection of an atom number distribution in aone-dimensional atomic lattice with the variance $-14$ dB below the Poissoniannoise level. A mesoscopic ensemble containing a few thousand atoms is trappedin the evanescent field of a nanofiber. The atom number is measured throughdual-color homodyne interferometry with a pW-power shot noise limited probe.Strong coupling of the evanescent probe guided by the nanofiber allows for areal-time measurement with a precision of $\pm 8$ atoms on an ensemble of some$10^3$ atoms in a one-dimensional trap. The method is very well suited forgenerating collective atomic entangled or spin-squeezed states via a quantumnon-demolition measurement as well as for tomography of exotic atomic states ina one-dimensional lattice.

Generation and detection of a sub-Poissonian atom number distribution in a one-dimensional optical lattice