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When an initially entangled pair of qubits undergoes local decoherenceprocesses, there are a number of ways in which the original entanglement canspread throughout the multipartite system consisting of the two qubits andtheir environments. Here we report theoretical and experimental resultsregarding the dynamics of the distribution of entanglement in this system. Theexperiment employs an all optical set-up in which the qubits are encoded in thepolarization degrees of freedom of two photons, and each local decoherencechannel is implemented with an interferometer that couples the polarization tothe path of each photon, which acts as an environment. We monitor the dynamicsand distribution of entanglement and observe the transition from bipartite tomultipartite entanglement and back, and show how these transitions areintimately related to the sudden death and sudden birth of entanglement. Themultipartite entanglement is further analyzed in terms of 3- and 4- partiteentanglement contributions, and genuine four-qubit entanglement is observed atsome points of the evolution.

Experimental entanglement redistribution under decoherence channels