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The optical properties of graphene are strongly affected by electron-electron(e-e) and electron-hole (e-h) interactions. Here we tune these many-bodyinteractions through varying the density of free charge carriers. Measurementsfrom the infrared to the ultraviolet reveal significant changes in the opticalconductivity of graphene for both electron and hole doping. The shift,broadening, and modification in shape of the saddle-point exciton resonancereflect strong screening of the many-body interactions by the carriers, as wellas changes in quasi-particle lifetimes. Ab initio calculations by the GWBethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE), which take into account modification of boththe repulsive e-e and the attractive e-h interactions, provide excellentagreement with experiment. Understanding the optical properties and high-energycarrier dynamics of graphene over a wide range of doping is crucial for bothfundamental graphene physics and for emerging applications of graphene inphotonics.

Tuning many-body interactions in graphene: The effects of doping on excitons and carrier lifetimes