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Colloids immersed in a critical binary liquid mixture are subject to criticalCasimir forces (CCFs) because they confine its concentration fluctuations andinfluence the latter via effective surface fields. To date, CCFs have only beenstudied in thermodynamic equilibrium. However, due to the critical slowingdown, the order parameter around a particle can easily be perturbed by anymotion of the colloid or by solvent flow. This leads to significant but largelyunexplored changes in the CCF. Here we study the drag force on a singlecolloidal particle moving in a near-critical fluid mixture and the relativemotion of two colloids due to the CCF acting on them. In order to account forthe kinetic couplings among the order parameter field, the solvent velocityfield, and the particle motion, we use a fluid particle dynamics method. Thesestudies extend the understanding of CCFs from thermal equilibrium tonon-equilibrium processes, which are relevant to current experiments, and showthe emergence of significant effects near the critical point.

Nonequilibrium critical Casimir interactions in binary fluids