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The adsorption dynamics of a colloidal particle at a fluid interface isstudied theoretically and numerically, documenting distinctly differentrelaxation regimes. The adsorption of a perfectly smooth particle ischaracterized by a fast exponential relaxation to thermodynamic equilibriumwhere the interfacial free energy has a minimum. The short relaxation time isgiven by the ratio of viscous damping to capillary forces. Physical and/orchemical heterogeneities in a colloidal system, however, can result in multipleminima of the free energy giving rise to metastability. In the presence ofmetastable states we observe a crossover to a slow logarithmic relaxationreminiscent of physical aging in glassy systems. The long relaxation time isdetermined by the thermally-activated escape rate from metastable states.Analytical expressions derived in this work yield quantitative agreement withmolecular dynamics simulations and recent experimental observations. This workprovides new insights on the adsorption dynamics of colloidal particles atfluid interfaces.

Crossover from fast relaxation to physical aging in colloidal adsorption at fluid interfaces