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Droplets deform soft substrates near their contact lines. Using confocalmicroscopy, we measure the deformation of silicone gel substrates due toglycerol and fluorinated-oil droplets for a range of droplet radii andsubstrate thicknesses. For all droplets, the substrate deformation takes auniversal shape close to the contact line that depends on liquid composition,but is independent of droplet size and substrate thickness. This shape isdetermined by a balance of interfacial tensions at the contact line andprovides a novel method for direct determination of the surface stresses ofsoft substrates. Moreover, we measure the change in contact angle with dropletradius and show that Young's law fails for small droplets when their radiiapproach an elastocapillary length scale. For larger droplets the macroscopiccontact angle is constant, consistent with Young's law.

Universal deformation of soft substrates near a contact line and the direct measurement of solid surface stresses