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By analysis and simulation we demonstrate two methods for achieving completeorientational alignment of a set of identical, asymmetric colloidal objectsdispersed randomly in a fluid. Sedimentation or electrophoresis in a constantfield can lead to partial alignment, in which the objects rotate about a commonbody axis, but the phases of rotation for these objects are random. We showthat this phase disorder can be removed by two forms of programmed forcing.First, simply alternating the forcing between two directions reduces thestatistical entropy of the orientation arbitrarily. Second, addition of a smallrotating component to the applied field in analogy to magnetic resonance canlead to phase locking of the objects' orientation. We identify conditions foralignment of a broad class of generic objects and discuss practicallimitations.

Full alignment of colloidal objects by programmed forcing