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Bacteriophages infect cells by attaching to the outer membrane and injectingtheir DNA into the cell.The phage DNA is then transcribed by the cell'stranscription machinery.A number of physical mechanisms by which DNA can betranslocated from the phage capsid into the cell have been identified. A fastejection driven by the elastic and electrostatic potential energy of thecompacted DNA within the viral capsid appears to be used by most phages, atleast to initiate infection.In recent in vitro experiments, the speed of DNAtranslocation from a lambda phage capsid has been measured as a function ofejected length over the entire duration of the event.Here a mechanical model isproposed that is able to explain the observed dependence of exit velocity onejected length, and that is also consistent with the accepted picture of thegeometric arrangement of DNA within the viral capsid.

Capstan friction model for DNA ejection from bacteriophages